Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is similar to common sorghum, with a sugar-rich stalk. It is distinguished by the sweet juice contained in the soft pith of the stalk which is somehow comparable with sugarcane, a main source of table sugar. It was brought to the northern hemisphere by the slave trade from Africa. In temperate areas of the world it is grown as an annual crop. It is raised from seed commonly but stem cuttings can also be used for this purpose. Silage from sweet sorghum has a higher biological value than the bagasse from sugarcane when used as forage for animals. It is a multipurpose crop, yielding food in the form of grain and fuel in the form of ethanol from its juice. Its plant grows to a height of about 120 to more than 400 cm with a sugar content of 16\u201323%, depending on the particular varieties and growth. The essence of sweet sorghum is not from its seed, but from its stalk, which contains high sugar content. Saccharin-type sweet sorghum, which mainly contains sucrose, can be used for refining crystal sugar. Syrup type sweet sorghum, which mainly contains glucose, can be used for producing syrup. The sugar content in sweet sorghum stalk juice mostly were sucrose and inverted sugars which invert sugars include glucose, fructose, maltose, and xylose Although ethanol can be produced from sweet sorghum grain. it needs more process to convert its starch to glucose that later will be converted to ethanol In addition, the produced biogas after juice extraction can be used for ethanol production or animal feed. Sorghum, a C4 plant, has been widely mentioned and studied for years, because it produces grains, sugar juice, and lignocellulosic biomass simultaneously. As a bio-energy crop it is growing based on its high productivity, high stress tolerance, and high adaptation to the existing agricultural infrastructure. Because of the ability to withstand dry conditions, requirement of less fertilizer, rapid growth rate, ease of planting, and lower cost of total fermentable sugars, sweet sorghum appears to be a viable alternative to sugarcane as a energy crop A new hybrid of sweet sorghum called Tianza-2, which has high yields of both grain and fermentable sugars. Sweet sorghum yields about 175-200 gallon\/acre syrup. It has a lower glycemic index than sugarcane and corn syrup, which may help to prevent hyper-glycaemia and oxidative damage, making it a good option for managing diabetes. The high dietary fiber in sorghum promotes digestive, hormonal, and cardio-vascular health, while also lowering its glycemic index. The juice is cleaned from impurities and concentrated by evaporation in open pan chamber which turn it in to a mild flavored syrup. The syrup retains all of its natural sugars and other nutrient. It’s a complex and rich sweetener that has a whole host of applications in the food, spreads, and even baked goods. The earthy flavor adds interest to whatever you put it in or on. Increasing the juice yield or making proper use of remaining sugars in the bagasse is crucial for realizing the high ethanol yield of sweet sorghum and is of important economical value. Sorghum syrup is also a healthier alternative sweetener. Sweet sorghum is a promising biomaterial due to its nutrition and energy value, easy cultivation, and economic potential. The concentrate of sweet sorghum juice is an exceptional food material that aligns with industry trends.<\/p>\n
Sweet sorghum can serve as a sustainable bio-energy source due to its sugar content and lack of impact on global warming and food security. Analyses showed that the yeast isolates are likely from the genus Saccharomyces, the ethanol-tolerant yeast SJU14 is used to ferment sweet sorghum juice. Ethanol levels is measured with potassium dichromate. The highest ethanol content (18.7%) was produced at 26 \u00b0C at pH 4. Sweet sorghum juice was incubated for 96 hours and found to be a great source of powerful yeasts with industrial properties, such as the ability to grow in high ethanol and glucose concentrations. It can be used as a substitute for bio-ethanol production, reducing the environmental impact of fossil fuels. Sweet sorghum juice can be directly fermented to ethanol by using the following Methodologies:
\n 1) A Box\u2013Behnken: response surface methodology central composite design to optimize ethanol fermentation from sweet sorghum juice using brewing instant dry yeast with fermentation parameters of temperature (25\u201335\u00b0C), pH (4\u20136), and yeast inoculation rate of 1%\u20135%. 83% (v\/v) from sweet sorghum juice with a fermentation efficiency of 87. cerevisiae strain NRRL Y-2034 under optimized conditions of temperature (30\u00b0C), agitation rate (50 rpm), and yeast inoculums concentration (7. cerevisiae, Mucor hymnals strains have been shown to be good candidates for ethanol fermentation from sweet sorghum (Goshadrou et al. Sweet sorghum juice can also be incorporated into the current dry-grind bio-ethanol process for improved ethanol yield and water efficiency (Appiah-Nkansah et al). Ethanol produced from sweet sorghum juice with the optimum grain sorghum loading was 28% higher than that from the conventional ethanol process. <\/p>\n
2) Solid-State Fermentation: A fermentation process with solid substrates under damp conditions has also been studied for conversion of sweet sorghum juice to ethanol, as the process requires lower energy input and produces less waste water. S. cerevisiae strain TSH1 several studies have been conducted on solid-state fermentation for ethanol production from sweet sorghum using S. cerevisiae strain TSH1 on sweet sorghum stems. S. cerevisiae TSH1 culture liquid in a continuous rotary drum fermenter and incubated for 2 weeks. 16 tons of sweet sorghum stems yielded 1 ton of ethanol, on the premise that the cost of the sweet sorghum stems is $30\/ton, which is cost competitive compared with wheat-based fuel ethanol ($869\/9 ton), maize-based fuel ethanol ($841\/7ton), and cassava-based fuel ethanol ($778\/ton). It is cultured with crushed feed-stocks (96 tons), and the ethanol fermentation process took place in a 550 m3 industrial rotary-drum fermenter at 30\u00b0C for 21hours. Fermentation process is completed after 15 h, reaching a theoretical-yield of about 88% at a 10 kg\/ton\/h production rate.
\nAfter this whole reassess It can be consider that the sweet sorghum is the not only the Duel purpose crop (grain and silage), it can also be used as a best source of sugar production that may be slowly digestible and tends to manage the glycemic level in blood, also the healthiest source of sugar so valuable to reduce the energy crisis for future. It may prove fruitful to reduce the use of non-renewable resource and possess the ability to replace it. This is the Bio-Energy crop that is environment friendly and most convenient source of Fuel Production. It should be recommended as Bio-Fuel Crop all over the globe especially in Asia where it is only grown for grain or fodder purpose. <\/p>\n
By:
\nMudassir
\nAteeq-Ur-Rehman
\nMuavia
\nFarhan
\nB.Sc(Hons) Agriculture
\nDepartment of Plant Breeding & Genetics
\nUniversity of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is similar to common sorghum, with a sugar-rich stalk. It is distinguished by the sweet juice contained in the soft pith of the stalk which is somehow comparable with sugarcane, a main source of table sugar. It was brought to the northern hemisphere by the slave trade from Africa. In temperate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-377505","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-editorial"},"yoast_head":"\n