Dr Shakuntala Bhabani
A 22-member team of Myanmar immigration officials visited Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar to verify more than 400 Rohingya refugees as part of a pilot repatriation project. Does it hold out any hope for the forcibly displaced people to return to their ancestral homes in the Rakhine state of Myanmar? Only time will tell.
However, the Beijing-mediated project could not start its work for the last three years for different reasons, which include the covid pandemic of 2020 and the military coup of 2021.
For a long time, Myanmar authorities “were going very slow” in verifying Rohingya refugees, leading to an extended delay in the repatriation process, the official said, adding that Myanmar officials now appeared “a little bit more willing than before” to start the project.
Now, Myanmar’s military junta’s fresh move to take back the Rohingya who fled their homes in the Rakhine state in the face of a pogrom six years ago should be taken with a pinch of salt. This process started, thanks to the Chinese initiative in November 2017, three months after the exodus of the Rohingya population on a massive scale from Myanmar. Bangladesh sent a list of nearly 900,000 Rohingya living in the refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar to the Myanmar government for repatriation. But the Naypyidaw authority then sent back a shortened list that contained less than eight per cent of Rohingya names. Out of that list, the names of 1,100 plus Rohingya-a drop in the ocean when compared with the actual number of refugees to be repatriated- were selected for family-wise repatriation to Myanmar. But the Myanmar junta objected to a few hundred names (429, to be precise).
It is in fact, a belated response to that last exchange over the Rohingya repatriation issue. The present Myanmar team is in Cox’s Bazar now for further verification of the refugees whose names were on the rejected list. Consider that this shuttling back and forth between Dhaka and Naypyidaw has been going on for years over the selection of a few hundred names of Rohingyas out of close to a million of them waiting for repatriation! So, questions arise about the very feasibility of this approach to repatriate such a huge number of Rohingya refugees. Even so, seeing that the incumbent Myanmar government has at least begun to make a move on Rohingya repatriation is, of course, better than no move at all. That is more so against the backdrop of the international community’s growing indifference towards the Rohingya issue.
Interestingly, as it could be learnt from media reports before the current initiative was taken by the Myanmar junta over Rohingya repatriation, diplomats from eight countries, including China, had been taken to the Rakhine state of Myanmar, to show them the preparations Myanmar authorities have taken to resettle the displaced Rohingya refugees. It is a development unthinkable before. Some 11 ambassadors to Myanmar from different countries were thus allowed to see the interim camps set up for the purpose in Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine state, and in Maungdaw, a town in that state. Internally Displaced People (IDP) such as the Rohingya still staying in Myanmar might thus have a chance to move to Sittwe. It could also be learnt that some healthcare services are also being extended to Rohingya people still staying in the Rakhine state.
It appears the Myanmar junta has finally been able to see reason perhaps under Chinese pressure. Meanwhile, the post-coup (of February 2021) Myanmar junta has been engaged in a war on many fronts including the different ethnic groups and that of the bloody, internecine one with the rebellious common people of Myanmar who are fighting for the restoration of a democratic government following the overthrow of the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi. So, the Myanmar junta might need some breathing space. Also, it might be that its close ally China wants the repatriation of the Rohingya to their homeland so that its economic interest worth billions of dollars in the Rakhine state is not jeopardized by incessant war in the area. Moreover, the Rakhine state is a corridor to the Indian Ocean that China wants to protect by all means. Reports further have it that China is willing to train the local population of Rakhines including the Rohingya for their future employment in the Chinese infrastructure and other ongoing projects in that region. For this purpose, China has been pressuring the Myanmar government to stop the war and restore stability in the strategically located Rakhine state. There is also the urgency on the part of the incumbent Naypyidaw government to show the international community that it is after all doing something positive on the Rohingya issue. It may be recalled on this score that Myanmar is facing prosecution in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for having committed genocide against the Rohingya people. Myanmar is to meet the deadline of producing its counterargument against the genocide charge before ICJ by April 24 next.
These are the only possible reasons behind the Myanmar junta’s sudden change of heart regarding the all-but-dead issue of Rohingya repatriation. Even so, it will be important to know what the Rohingya themselves are thinking about the present move to repatriate them. For there are questions about their rights including their citizenship, safety, right to work and so on once they return to Myanmar. But these issues were not reportedly part of the visited Myanmar team’s responsibilities. their citizenship and basic rights must be guaranteed before returning to Myanmar, as the first step of potential repatriation got underway. Myanmar does not recognize the Rohingya as an indigenous ethnic group. Most were rendered stateless under the 1982 Citizenship Law and had been excluded from the 2014 census. Many in the Buddhist-majority country refer to members of the community as Bengalis, suggesting they belong in Bangladesh. Myanmar must recognize the Rohingyas.
