Allah Nawaz Khan
The Middle East region is facing a very dire situation. The problem of insecurity in the Middle East is not new; rather, it is very old. This region has its own civilization and history. It is the ancient part of the world where the foundations of human civilization were laid. Historically, urban civilization began around 3000 BCE in the Nile Valley (Egypt) and the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The history of the Middle East spans thousands of years. Despite its historical and civilizational richness, conflict and warfare have also persisted.
The situation worsened particularly when, a century ago, international powers dismantled the Ottoman Caliphate. After the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate, the Middle East was occupied and divided into different parts. This division plunged the region into various problems. In 1948, the establishment of Israel was carried out, with some territory given to Muslims. Whether that division was wrong or right is a separate debate, but efforts are continuously being made to expand Israel. Wars have been fought for a long time to establish a “Greater Israel.” Followers of the three Abrahamic religions — Muslims, Christians, and Jews — all claim to be the rightful heirs of Palestine. Jews claim the Temple of Solomon and the Western Wall, Christians claim Bethlehem, and Muslims claim Al-Aqsa Mosque. According to the United Nations resolution, Jerusalem was not placed under the control of any single party.
World War II ended, but peace could not be established in the Middle East. Several wars have been fought between Israel and Hamas. The recent war has completely devastated Gaza. Insecurity has also spread in Yemen. Tension has been ongoing for a long time in Syria, Lebanon, and Iraq. Recently, a war was fought between the United States and Iran. A temporary ceasefire has been reached between Iran and America, but the situation remains uncertain. Other countries are also living in fear. It is correct to say that the entire Middle East region has become a victim of unrest.
Some states in the Middle East are economically strong but remain weak in terms of defense. Oil has given economic strength to some states. Industries require energy, and oil is essential for that. Due to vast oil reserves, these states achieved economic stability. However, large quantities of oil have now also been discovered in Russia, Central Asia, and America. Many states are now focusing on alternative sources of income instead of relying solely on oil. Investment is being made in sectors such as tourism and others. It is also possible that in the near future, an alternative energy source may be discovered. If another source of energy is found, the importance of oil will end.
It is a great tragedy that despite economic stability, the defense systems remain weak. This weakness in defense is proving dangerous for the Middle East. Countries like Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and some others rely on major powers for their security and protection. Huge amounts are being spent in the name of protection, yet uncertainty persists. The Iran-America war has raised many questions regarding the security of the Gulf countries. Other valuable resources are also found in these areas, but due to their weak position, they are unable to benefit from them fully. Most countries in the Middle East face external threats as well as internal anarchy. In states that are economically weak, there is not only food scarcity but also a lack of other basic facilities. The biggest problem is the insecurity that shows no signs of stopping. External powers are also promoting instability in the region for their own interests. If peace is established in this region, it can become a shining example of modern civilization.
People belonging to different civilizations and religions live in this region. Apart from religious differences, other conflicts also exist. In some Middle Eastern countries, pride is taken in their civilization and culture. Egypt considers its civilization superior, and similarly, other countries proudly present their cultural heritage. Sectarian differences between Sunni and Shia and other sects have also spread insecurity in the region. Doctrinal differences exist between Iran and Saudi Arabia, which have prevented peace from being established. Islamic states have also failed to create unity among themselves. Establishing peace in the Middle East requires a great deal of effort. The complex situation in the region has deteriorated to a frightening level. According to some observers, the geopolitical and economic interests of major powers have further complicated the conflicts in the region. Therefore, these powers do not want the region to become peaceful. If peace is established here, the control of many powers will come to an end.
For peace, it is essential that all countries of the Middle East unite and form a bloc. Another major reason for the failure of peace is Israel itself. Israel has fought wars not only with Gaza but also with other neighboring countries. For a peaceful solution, Israel must be compelled to stay within its limits. Iran and other countries should establish better relations with their neighbors. Some sacrifices will have to be made to build better relations. Political issues also exist in these countries, so political stability is very important. Trade has been severely affected. According to the United Nations, millions of people in Gaza are facing food insecurity. According to UNDP, Gaza’s economy has been set back by several decades. The refugee crisis has also grown significantly. The water crisis is also affecting some countries.
Some groups are spreading chaos by acting as foreign agents; curbing them is also necessary. The conditions in Lebanon and Syria are extremely tense, and there is an urgent need to establish peace in these areas. On the surface, establishing peace in the Middle East seems extremely difficult. However, it is not impossible. It will take time, but the situation can be brought under control. The establishment of peace in the Middle East will also improve the global situation. The world economy can improve if instability in this region is stopped. The countries in this region should make full efforts for their security and survival, otherwise they will have to suffer irreparable losses. For lasting peace in the Middle East, it is essential to find a permanent solution to the Israel-Gaza conflict. The elimination of terrorism is also necessary; otherwise, peace cannot be achieved. Iran and Saudi Arabia can play a better role in improving the situation in the region. Due to their influence, these two countries can help reduce tensions. Pakistan and other countries should play an important role in establishing peace through diplomatic efforts. A clear and comprehensive peace plan should be formulated and implemented. The biggest issue is the Israel-Palestine conflict, which should be resolved on a priority basis. Respect for international law is essential.
If the security situation in the Middle East does not improve, many problems will continue to arise. The Strait of Hormuz could face closure in the future. Food shortages may also have to be faced. Health and other issues will emerge. The deteriorating situation in this region will affect the entire world. It is better that efforts to bring peace are intensified.
